Sarcouncil Journal of Medical Sciences

Abstract: Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common gynecological infection with substantial effects on women’s physical and psychosocial well-being. Despite regional variations in its prevalence and determinants across Vietnam, no mixed-methods investigation has been conducted in the Central Highlands. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of VVC and to explore women’s perceptions and lived experiences. Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 women. Quantitative data were collected using structured interviews and laboratory diagnosis through wet-mount microscopy. VVC was diagnosed when at least two of three characteristic symptoms were present together with a positive vaginal wet mount for Candida species. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 32 participants. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 17, estimating prevalence ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with Poisson regression and robust variance. Results: The prevalence of Candida spp. on vaginal wet mount was 32.24%, while clinically diagnosed VVC accounted for 22.37% (68/304). Two factors were independently associated with infection: having two or fewer childbirths (PR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.02–4.06; p = 0.043) and drying underwear in shaded areas (PR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27–0.99; p = 0.048). Qualitative findings revealed three main themes - “Recurrent Cycle,” “Invisible Burden,” and “Passive Cognition” - reflecting recurrent infection, psychosocial strain, and reactive awareness. Conclusions: VVC is a prevalent, recurrent condition among women in Vietnam’s Central Highlands. Integrated findings emphasize the need for proactive education, behavioral counseling, and holistic management within reproductive health care.